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<details class="folding-tag" blue><summary> 点击查看使用工具及版本 </summary>
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              <table>    <tr>        <td align="center" width=150px>Windows</td>        <td align="left">windows11</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">Ubuntu</td>        <td align="left">Ubuntu22.04的64位版本</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">VMware® Workstation 16 Pro</td>        <td align="left">16.2.3 build-19376536</td>      </tr></table>
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<details class="folding-tag" blue><summary> 点击查看本文参考资料 </summary>
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              <table>    <tr><td align="center">参考资料  </td><td align="center">相关说明</td></tr>    <tr><td align="left">pip官网</td><td align="left"><a href="https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/" target="_blank">https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/ <i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i> </a></td></tr></table>
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            </details>

<h1 id="一、pip是什么？"><a href="#一、pip是什么？" class="headerlink" title="一、pip是什么？"></a><font size=3>一、pip是什么？</font></h1><p>pip是Python的包安装程序。我们可以使用它从Python包索引和其他索引中安装包。官网在这里：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/">pip documentation v23.1.2 (pypa.io)</a></p>
<h1 id="二、如何安装pip？"><a href="#二、如何安装pip？" class="headerlink" title="二、如何安装pip？"></a><font size=3>二、如何安装pip？</font></h1><h2 id="1-方式一：下载get-pip-py进行安装"><a href="#1-方式一：下载get-pip-py进行安装" class="headerlink" title="1. 方式一：下载get-pip.py进行安装"></a><font size=3>1. 方式一：下载get-pip.py进行安装</font></h2><p>这种方式是官网有提到的：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/installation/#get-pip-py">Installation - get-pip-py</a>，这种方式有一个GitHub仓库，存放了这个文件，并且有说明如何安装和使用，仓库地址为<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/pypa/get-pip">pypa&#x2F;get-pip: Helper scripts to install pip, in a Python installation that doesn’t have it. (github.com)</a></p>
<p>相关命令如下，需要注意的是我们需要先有一个支持python的环境才可以：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">curl -sSL https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py -o get-pip.py</span><br><span class="line">python get-pip.py</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>用这种方式的话，我们还需要安装curl工具才行，这个工具安装很简单，直接按照提示就可以：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo snap install curl  # version 8.1.2, or</span><br><span class="line">sudo apt  install curl  # version 7.81.0-1ubuntu1.10</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>或者我们直接自己在浏览器下也一样，问题不大（我懒得装curl工具，所以我直接浏览器下这个文件了，哈哈），安装完成有如下提示：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/02%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7/04Ubuntu/LV01-SOFT-02-Ubuntu2204-pip%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85%E4%B8%8E%E6%8D%A2%E6%BA%90/img/image-20230627225639205.png" alt="image-20230627225639205" style="zoom:50%;" />

<p>安装完成后，直接敲下边的命令是看不到pip版本的：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">pip -V</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>我们需要重启虚拟机才可以，可能是刚安装完，环境变量什么的没生效吧，重启后就可以使用pip啦：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/02%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7/04Ubuntu/LV01-SOFT-02-Ubuntu2204-pip%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85%E4%B8%8E%E6%8D%A2%E6%BA%90/img/image-20230627230302745.png" alt="image-20230627230302745" style="zoom:50%;" />

<p>会发现这个pip的版本是23.1.2，是来自于python3.10的site-packages中。</p>
<h2 id="2-方式二：ensurepip"><a href="#2-方式二：ensurepip" class="headerlink" title="2. 方式二：ensurepip"></a><font size=3>2. 方式二：ensurepip</font></h2><p>官网还提供了一种安装方式：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/installation/#ensurepip">Installation - get-pip.py</a>，这里就不写了，感觉还是方式一简单。</p>
<h2 id="3-方式三：通过apt命令"><a href="#3-方式三：通过apt命令" class="headerlink" title="3. 方式三：通过apt命令"></a><font size=3>3. 方式三：通过apt命令</font></h2><p>这样的话还分pip2和pip3，好像就跟python2和python3一样。</p>
<h3 id="3-1-pip2"><a href="#3-1-pip2" class="headerlink" title="3.1 pip2"></a><font size=3>3.1 pip2</font></h3><p>可以使用下边的命令进行安装：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo apt install python-pip    # 安装pip2</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>安装完毕后，我们看一下版本：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">pip -V</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>会发现根本用不了：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/02%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7/04Ubuntu/LV01-SOFT-02-Ubuntu2204-pip%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85%E4%B8%8E%E6%8D%A2%E6%BA%90/img/image-20230628071018812.png" alt="image-20230628071018812" style="zoom:50%;" />

<p>我们查看一下安装的bin文件：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ls /usr/bin/pip*</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>挥发新其实我们是安装了的：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/02%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7/04Ubuntu/LV01-SOFT-02-Ubuntu2204-pip%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85%E4%B8%8E%E6%8D%A2%E6%BA%90/img/image-20230628071048370.png" alt="image-20230628071048370" style="zoom:50%;" />

<p>只不过它的名字是pip2，我们需要使用pip2才能正常使用：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">pip2 -V</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>然后就可以看到版本啦：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/02%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7/04Ubuntu/LV01-SOFT-02-Ubuntu2204-pip%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85%E4%B8%8E%E6%8D%A2%E6%BA%90/img/image-20230628071148216.png" alt="image-20230628071148216" style="zoom:50%;" />

<p>会看到这里显示的pip是20.3.4版本的，安装的时候是来自于python2.7的dist-packages包里边的pip。</p>
<h3 id="3-2-pip3"><a href="#3-2-pip3" class="headerlink" title="3.2 pip3"></a><font size=3>3.2 pip3</font></h3><p>我们通过下边的命令安装：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo apt install python3-pip   # 安装pip3</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>安装完后，我们看一下pip能不能看版本：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">pip -V</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>会有以下输出信息：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/02%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7/04Ubuntu/LV01-SOFT-02-Ubuntu2204-pip%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85%E4%B8%8E%E6%8D%A2%E6%BA%90/img/image-20230628071413455.png" alt="image-20230628071413455" style="zoom:50%;" />

<p>会看到这里显示的pip是22.0.2版本的，安装的时候是来自于python3的dist-packages包里边的pip。我们再来看一下安装的bin文件：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ls /usr/bin/pip*</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>会看到以下信息：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/02%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7/04Ubuntu/LV01-SOFT-02-Ubuntu2204-pip%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85%E4%B8%8E%E6%8D%A2%E6%BA%90/img/image-20230628071658063.png" alt="image-20230628071658063" style="zoom: 50%;" />

<p>仔细一看，这里有了个pip命令的bin文件还有个pip3，但是我们的pip2呢？跑哪去了？我后来看了下pip3的安装过程，发现pip2被卸载了：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/02%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7/04Ubuntu/LV01-SOFT-02-Ubuntu2204-pip%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85%E4%B8%8E%E6%8D%A2%E6%BA%90/img/image-20230628071830988.png" alt="image-20230628071830988" style="zoom:50%;" />

<p>最后能用就行，这个好像版本并不重要，至少我还没发现坑，有坑了再补充吧。</p>
<h1 id="三、换源？"><a href="#三、换源？" class="headerlink" title="三、换源？"></a><font size=3>三、换源？</font></h1><h2 id="1-为什么要换源？"><a href="#1-为什么要换源？" class="headerlink" title="1. 为什么要换源？"></a><font size=3>1. 为什么要换源？</font></h2><p>在使用官方提供的源安装其他插件(库)时，若没设置代理，会发现有时候安装会特别慢，甚至可能会导致超时，安装失败等问题，国内会提供一些镜像源，用起来会快得多。</p>
<h2 id="2-PyP镜像"><a href="#2-PyP镜像" class="headerlink" title="2. PyP镜像"></a><font size=3>2. PyP镜像</font></h2><p>PyPI(Python Package Index)是Python编程语言的软件存储库。开发者可以通过PyPI查找和安装由Python社区开发和共享的软件，也可以将自己开发的库上传至PyPI。详细的可以看阿里云的帮助文档：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/pypi?spm=a2c6h.13651102.0.0.3e221b11EFdSk4">PyPI镜像-阿里巴巴开源镜像站 (aliyun.com)</a>。</p>
<p>下载地址在这里：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/?spm=a2c6h.13651104.mirror-free-trial.1.3e19c49fnZEfrf">PyPI安装包下载_开源镜像站-阿里云 (aliyun.com)</a>，我们其实并不需要下载，后边配置好源就可以了。</p>
<p>官方主页在这里：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://pypi.org/?spm=a2c6h.13651104.mirror-free-trial.2.7b38c49fn7GchK">PyPI · The Python Package Index</a></p>
<h2 id="3-换pip源"><a href="#3-换pip源" class="headerlink" title="3. 换pip源"></a><font size=3>3. 换pip源</font></h2><p>下边是在linux中的方式，若是在 windows 下，可直接在 user 目录中创建一个 pip 目录，如：<code>C:\Users\xx\pip</code>，然后新建文件 <code>pip.ini</code>，操作方法都是一样的。</p>
<h3 id="3-1-公网配置方法"><a href="#3-1-公网配置方法" class="headerlink" title="3.1 公网配置方法"></a><font size=3>3.1 公网配置方法</font></h3><p>（1）找到下列文件，没有的话就自己创建一个就好。</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">~/.pip/pip.conf</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>（2）在上述文件中添加或修改:</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[global]</span><br><span class="line">index-url = https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[install]</span><br><span class="line">trusted-host=mirrors.aliyun.com</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="3-2-ECS内网配置方法"><a href="#3-2-ECS内网配置方法" class="headerlink" title="3.2 ECS内网配置方法"></a><font size=3>3.2 ECS内网配置方法</font></h3><p>（1）找到下列文件，没有的话就也是自己创建一个就好。</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">~/.pip/pip.conf</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>（2）在上述文件中添加或修改:</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[global]</span><br><span class="line">index-url=https://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/pypi/simple/</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[install]</span><br><span class="line">trusted-host=mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="3-更新pip"><a href="#3-更新pip" class="headerlink" title="3. 更新pip"></a><font size=3>3. 更新pip</font></h3><p>换源完成后，我们更新一下pip：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">python -m pip install --upgrade pip</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>更新完成后如下：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/02%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7/04Ubuntu/LV01-SOFT-02-Ubuntu2204-pip%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85%E4%B8%8E%E6%8D%A2%E6%BA%90/img/image-20230628072914673.png" alt="image-20230628072914673" style="zoom:50%;" />
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